Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a painful condition that occurs when the tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm. Despite its name, tennis elbow can occur in people who don’t play tennis. It’s a common condition among athletes who participate in sports requiring repetitive arm movements, as well as among individuals who engage in activities that involve repetitive gripping or lifting.

Physiotherapy can be an effective treatment option for tennis elbow. Here are some of the common physiotherapy treatments available:

1. 1. Laser Therapy
   2. Bracing or Taping
   3. Manual Therapy
   4. Modalities
   5. Exercise Prescription
   6. Activity Modification and Ergonomic Advice

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. Sciatica typically affects only one side of your body and can cause varying degrees of discomfort, ranging from mild to severe. It is often caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, commonly due to a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease.

Physiotherapy can play a crucial role in managing sciatica pain and promoting recovery. Here are some common physiotherapy treatments for sciatica:

1. Acupuncture/Dry Needling
2. Manual Therapy
3. Postural Education and Ergonomic Advice
4. Mechanical Traction
5. Exercise Prescription
6. Modalities
7. Activity Modification

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knees is a degenerative joint condition characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the knee joints. This can lead to symptoms such as pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion, which can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.

Physiotherapy plays a vital role in the management of OA knees by focusing on reducing pain, improving function, and enhancing overall quality of life.

Here are some common physiotherapy treatments for OA knees:

1. Exercise Therapy
2. Low-impact Aerobic Exercise
3. Manual Therapy
4. Bracing or Orthotics
5. Electrotherapy
6. Taping

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain refers to discomfort or dysfunction in the joint that connects your jawbone to your skull. This joint allows you to move your jaw for actions such as chewing, speaking, and yawning. TMJ pain can manifest as jaw pain, clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth, difficulty or discomfort while chewing, headaches, earaches, and limited jaw movement.

Physiotherapy can be beneficial in managing TMJ pain by addressing the underlying causes and contributing factors. Here are some ways physiotherapy can help:

1. Manual Therapy
2. Exercise Therapy
3. Modalities
4. Postural Education and Ergonomic Advice
5. TMJ Mobilization and Stretching
6. Behavioral Strategies

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness, often described as feeling like you or your surroundings are moving when they are not. It can be a symptom of various underlying conditions, including inner ear disorders such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, Meniere’s disease, or other neurological issues.

Physiotherapy can play a crucial role in managing vertigo, particularly when it is related to inner ear disorders like BPPV. Here’s how physiotherapy can assist in its management:

1. Epley’s Maneuver
2. Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy
3. Balance Training
4. Gaze Stabilization Exercises
5. Fall Prevention Strategies

A herniated disc, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft, gel-like center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disc protrudes through the tough outer layer (annulus fibrosus). This can result from age-related degeneration, wear and tear, or sudden trauma to the spine. When the herniated disc presses on nearby nerves, it can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area, commonly the lower back (lumbar spine) or neck (cervical spine).

Physiotherapy is an essential component of conservative management for herniated discs. Here are ways in which physiotherapy specifically targets the pain and discomfort caused by a herniated disc:

1. Laser Therapy
2. Manual Therapy
3. Spinal Decompression
4. Exercise Therapy
5. Posture Correction
6. Patient Education
7. Electrotherapy